Major differences between threads are the thread angles.
All Unified/ISO thread angles are 60° (metric, NC, NF, NEF, UNC, UNF, UNEF, Unified taper threads)
British Standard threads 55° (BSW, BSF, ME)
British Association threads 47.5° (BA)
Calipers and thread pitch gauges will get you into the ball park, you can then refer to charts like these.
View attachment 258663
View attachment 258664
Industry standards use the 'pitch diameter' measurement using a set of 3 wires of specific sizes depending on the thread pitch (either TPI or mm) with 2 wires in adjacent thread grooves, the other wire in the opposite thread groove, measure across the wires with a micrometer, then refer to a chart that comes with the wire set to check if the pitch diameter is within tolerance.
Hope I explained that to understandable.